Glossary of programming terms - David Myrseth õpimapp

Welcome to the Programming Terms Glossary!

Welcome to the Programming Terms Glossary

On this page, you’ll find translations and explanations of various programming-related terms and concepts. Whether you’re new to the world of IT or looking to expand your knowledge, this glossary will help you better understand essential programming terms. Each term is clearly explained in simple language, providing a concise overview of technical concepts.

Who is This Glossary For?

This glossary is designed for students, professionals, and anyone interested in learning more about programming. It covers a wide range of terms from basic concepts like “variables“ and “functions“ to more advanced topics like “object-oriented programming“ and “algorithms“. Whether you’re just starting or already have experience, you’ll find this resource helpful for clarifying terms you might encounter in your studies or work.

Why Understanding Programming Terms is Important

Understanding the key terminology in programming is crucial for effective communication within the IT field. Programming languages, concepts, and methodologies often come with specialized terms that might seem confusing at first. With the help of this glossary, you’ll be able to navigate technical discussions more easily and enhance your ability to read and write code efficiently.

What You’ll Find in This Glossary

Clear and concise definitions of programming terms
Practical examples to illustrate the use of each term
Translations of key concepts into understandable language for non-native speakers or beginners

How to Use This Glossary

To get the most out of this glossary, start by browsing the terms that are most relevant to you. If you’re working on a specific project or studying a particular programming language, look up the terms related to your current work. Each term is linked to its detailed explanation, so you can easily navigate between the definitions. For example, you can check out our pages on “JavaScript “ and “Python “ for specific programming language terms.

1.English	Definition	Russian
2.Source code editor	Text editor program designed specifically for editing source code of computer programs.	Редактор исходного кода
3.Programm	A series of operations that cintrol the function of a computer	Программа
4.Programming language	Codes used to write commands to a computer	Язык программирования
5.Programming software	Any software that supports the development of new applications	Программное обеспечение для программирования
6.Interpreter	A computer program that changes the instructions in another program into a form that can be easily utderstood by a computer	Интерпритатор
7.Complier	A computer program that changes instructions into machine language	Компилятор
8.code	Intsructions that make up a program	Код
9.an application ( app )	One or several programs working together for the end user	Приложение
10.a script	Instructions in a programming language that need to be interpreted	Скрипт
11.Data Managment	the ability to track and evaluate information	Данные
12.Satellite Navigation	the process of determining a location based on electronic information	Спутниковая навигация
13.Payroll	a company’s list employees and how much they are paid	Расчет заработной платы
14.Multimedia player	a device that can play audio, video and other files	Мультимедийный проигрыватель
15.Digital assistant	a small, handheld computer that typycally works as a mobile phone	Цифровой помощник
16.Bioinformatis	the application of computer software to the field of biology	биоинформация
17.Threat	if the source of the damaging instructions is an individual who intended that the abnormal behavior occur, we call the instructions malicious code	Угроза
18.firewall (brandmawer)	firewall permits access only to athorized users. It will deny access to anyone without proper credentials.	Сетевой экран
19.Malware	any type of code that causes harm to a computer system or network	Вредоносная программа
20.Antivirus Software	Don’t let uauthorized parties stal your personal information with spyware And stop viruses before they destroy your computer. The SharpAlert Exviro package protects against all types of malware. It quarantines infected files. Then threat removal just takes one click.	Защитная программа от вирусов
21.Simulation	A realistic representation of something	Симуляция
22.Security Software	The engineer installed a program that protects a computer foro various threats on he company’s systems	Защитная программа
23.Spyware	Spyware steals and sends user data without consent.	Шпионская программа
24.Removal	“Removal” means taking something away or eliminating it.	Удаление
25.Quarantine	“Quarantine” means isolating to prevent harm.	Карантин
26.Virus	“Virus” is harmful software.	Вирус
27.IDE(Integrated Development Environment)	Software application that helps programmers develop software code effciently	Интегрированная среда разработки
28.customize	“Customize” means personalizing or tailoring.	настроить
29.arrange	orders the rows of a data frame by the values of selected columns.	организовать
30.machine code	bainary code	машинный код
31.assembly laungages	An assembler is a translator of a program from text in assembly language into a program in machine language.	языки ассемблера
32.low level languages	“Low-level languages” are close to machine code.	языки низкого уровня
33.high level languages	“High-level languages” are user-friendly and abstracted from machine code.	языки высокого уровня
34. FORTRAN	FORTRAN is a programming language for math and science.	FORTRAN
35.code editors	In programming, code editors are tools used to write, edit, and manage source code for software development.	кодовые редакторы
36.script mode	Script mode in programming means executing code interactively, entering and executing commands one at a time.	скриптовый режим
37.interactive mode	Interactive mode in programming allows users to enter commands or code directly into the interpreter or runtime environment, receiving immediate feedback or results.	интерактивный режим
38.statements	Statements in programming are individual instructions or commands that perform a specific action or operation within a program.	привила
39.objects	Objects in programming are instances of classes that encapsulate data and behavior, enabling modular and reusable code.	обьекты
40.classes	Classes in programming are templates for creating objects, defining their attributes and behaviors.	классы
41.variables		переменные
42.GUI		графический интерфейс пользователя
43.CLI		интерфейс командой строки
44.the shell		оболочка
45.machine code	The only language computers can undestand directly is machine code.	машинный код
46.object oriendted programming	The programmer concevtrataes on paricular things and gives each object functions which can be altered without changing the entire programm.	Обьектно орентированное програмирование
47.object code	it convents the entire program into machine code in one go on the order hand, an interpreter translates the source code line by line as the program is running.
48.markup languages	to format and link text files
49.HTML	Hyper Text Marking Language
50.XML	Extensible Markup Language
51.VoiceXML	VoiceXML is used to create voice applications that run on the phone where as HTML is used to create visual applications
52.COBOL	Common Bussines Orieneted Language
53.Flowchart	A diagram represanting the successive logical steps	блок схема
54. source code	Program instruactions written in a particular computer language
55.compiler	A special program hich converts the source program into machine code –the noly language unrstood by the processor.
56.debugging	The techniques of detecting and correcting errors (or bugs) which may occur in programs.
57.text coding	Text-based programming involves typing lines of code that tell computers what task to perform. It involves writing words, phrases, numbers and symbols in a certain order, so it makes sense to the computer — just like spelling and grammar in any other language
58.tenserflow	TensorFlow is defined as an open-source platform and framework for machine learning, which includes libraries and tools based on Python and Java — designed with the objective of training machine learning and deep learning models on data
59.terminal	A terminal is simply a text-based interface to the computer. In a terminal, you can type commands, manipulate files, execute programs, and open documents. When working in a terminal, the current directory is called your working directory. A terminal will usually start in the top-level directory of your account.
60.plug-in	an auxliary program that enable web browser to support new content for example animation
61. applet	a small Java application usually designed to run automatically within a web page
62.Java	an island in Indonesian coffe in American slang and a programming language for internet applications
63. object oriented programming	a computer programming tchnique that allows the creationof objects that interact with each other and can be used as the foundation of others used to create graphical user interfaces
64. platform independement	software that can run on any operating system
65. Strings	Definition. A string is a data type used in programming, that is used to represent text rather than numbers. A string is a sequence of characters and can contain letters, numbers, symbols and even spaces.
66. Statements	In computer programming, a statement is a syntactic unit of an imperative programming language that expresses some action to be carried out. A program written in such a language is formed by a sequence of one or more statements.
67. Coding languages	A programming language is a set of instructions written by a programmer to deliver instructions to the computer to perform and accomplish a task. This set of instructions is usually viewed as incomprehensible code structured following a definite programming language syntax.
68. Arithmetics operators	An arithmetic operator is a mathematical function that takes two operands and performs a calculation on them. They are used in common arithmetic and most computer languages contain a set of such operators that can be used within equations to perform a number of types of sequential calculation.
69. Assignment operators	The assignment operator = assigns the value of its right-hand operand to a variable, a property, or an indexer element given by its left-hand operand. The result of an assignment expression is the value assigned to the left-hand operand
70. While loops	Loops, but this loop is breaking then when some condition statement will changed	Цикл
71. For Loops	A «For» Loop is used to repeat a specific block of code a known number of times. For example, if we want to check the grade of every student in the class, we loop from 1 to that number. When the number of times is not known before hand, we use a «While» loop.
72. Algorithm	An Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or set of rules for solving a specific problem or performing a task. It provides a clear, structured approach to solving problems and is fundamental to coding and programming. Algorithms can be expressed in various forms, such as pseudocode or flowcharts, and implemented in different programming languages.
73. Data Structure	A Data Structure organizes and stores data in a computer’s memory or storage system. It defines the relationships, operations, and access methods for efficiently manipulating and retrieving data. Data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs.
74. Error Handling	Error Handling is anticipating, detecting, and handling errors or exceptions that may occur during program execution. It involves implementing strategies, such as try-catch blocks or error codes, to handle errors and prevent program crashes or unexpected behavior safely.
75. Function	A Function, a method, or a subroutine is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task or calculation. Functions help organize code, improve modularity, and enable code reuse. They accept input parameters, perform operations, and may return a value.
76. Git	Git is a distributed version control system widely used in software development. It allows multiple developers to collaborate on a project, track changes, and manage different code versions. Git enables efficient code management, facilitates collaboration, and provides conflict resolution mechanisms.
77. Loop	A Loop is a programming construct that allows repetitive execution of a code block based on a specified condition. It helps automate tasks and process large amounts of data efficiently. Common loops include the for loop, while loop, and do-while loop.
78. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)	Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code around objects, which are instances of classes. It emphasizes concepts such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. OOP allows modular and reusable code, promotes code organization, and facilitates software maintenance and extensibility
79. Refactoring	Refactoring is the process of restructuring and improving existing code without changing its external behavior. It involves making code modifications to enhance readability, maintainability, and performance while preserving its functionality. Refactoring helps eliminate code smells, improve code organization, and reduce technical debt
80. Stack	A Stack is a data structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle in programming. It allows elements to be added or removed only from one end, the top. Stacks are commonly used for managing function calls, tracking program execution, and handling recursive algorithms.
81. Syntax	Syntax refers to the rules and conventions that dictate the structure and format of a programming language. It defines how instructions and statements are written to form valid and meaningful code. Following the correct syntax is essential for the compiler or interpreter to understand and execute the code accurately.
82. Web Development	Web Development encompasses the creation and maintenance of websites and web applications. It involves designing user interfaces, writing code, integrating databases, and implementing functionality using web technologies such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and server-side scripting languages. Web development focuses on creating engaging and interactive experiences for users on the web
83. Version Control	Version Control, also known as Source Code Management (SCM), tracks and manages source code file changes. It allows developers to collaborate, maintain different versions of code, and track modifications over time. Version control systems, such as Git or SVN, provide mechanisms for branching, merging, and reverting changes
84. Variable	A Variable is a named storage location in a computer’s memory that holds a value or data. Variables are used to store and manipulate data during program execution. They have a specific data type (integer, string, or boolean) and can be assigned new values throughout the program.
85. Performance Optimization	Performance Optimization refers to improving a software application’s speed, efficiency, and resource utilization. It involves analyzing and fine-tuning code, algorithms, and system configurations to minimize execution time, reduce memory usage, and optimize overall performance. Performance optimization aims to deliver a fast and responsive user experience
86. Back-end	The element of a computer system or programme that is normally in charge of storing and maintaining data but which the end user does not directly access or utilise is the back-end . The person in charge of creating back-end services is a back-end developer
87. Boolean	True / False
88. Branch	A branch in Git is a new version of the main repository that includes copies of all the documents and history at the time of separation without actually duplicating all the contents. This enables the subsequent merging of all changes made to the branch back into the main repository.
89. C++	C++ is a simple but functional programming language. People who learn this language will be capable of comprehending complex instructions and understanding how programmes operate
90. Cache	To help with faster load times from repetitive activities, a cache is the temporary storage of data and information. Without caching, it would take some time for each user that calculates taxes to finish. However, with caching, only the initial user would need to conduct the calculation; subsequent users who meet the same “tax criteria” would have access to the pre-calculated results and receive their results almost immediately.
91. Char	One alphabetic symbol is equal to one display unit of data called a “char character”. A char variable’s value could be any single character, including “a,” “1,” “$,” and “X.” This definition of character is predicated on the common understanding of a character as a single literary element. In contrast, the abbreviation char is a conserved keyword in the programming languages C, C++, C#, and Java.
92. CSS	CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is what adds style and colour to every webpage. While HTML controls the structure of a document with paragraphs, headers and images, Cascading Style Sheets allow you to specify colours, fonts, layouts and more.
93. Database	A platform designed for data storage, organisation, and retrieval is called a database.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)	The setting applied to a CSS property, defining aspects like color, size, position, etc.

The Table of Comprasion of Programming Languages

Visual BASIC	Java	Python	Visual XML
Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.	Java doesn stand for anything	Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics developed by Guido van Rossum. It was originally released in 1991. Designed to be easy as well as fun, the name «Python» is a nod to the British comedy group Monty Python.	XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.
was first develepoed by Microsoft in 1991	Java was developed by James Gosling in 1996 on January 23	20 February 1991	Was developed in the late 1990s
VB is a GUI-based development tool that offers a faster RAD than most other programming languages. VB also features syntax that is more straightforward than other languages, a visual environment that is easy to understand and high database connectivity.	Java main features include platform independece and object-orinted programming	Python is a high-level programming language. Python is very easy to learn the language as compared to other languages like C, C#, Javascript, Java, etc. It is very easy to code in the Python language and anybody can learn Python basics in a few hours or days. It is also a developer-friendly language.	Graphical representantion Drag and drop functionality Syntax highlighting and validation
Visual Basic is written in Visual Studio and can be used to create executable files that can run independently.	Java is used for applications or web sites	Build websites and software, automate tasks, and conduct data analysis.	XML document creation Data modeling Prototyping